California Rules of Court 2024

Rule 10.635. Limited situations in which a judicial officer may preside remotely from a location other than a courtroom

(a)     Purpose

This rule prescribes when, in limited situations and in the interest of justice, a judicial officer may use remote technology to effectuate their own participation in a proceeding from a location other than a courtroom.

(b)     Application

(1)     This rule applies when a judicial officer presiding from a location other than a courtroom uses remote technology to effectuate their own participation in the proceeding.

(2)     This rule does not apply when a judicial officer presides in person over a proceeding convened in a location other than a court facility, even if another participant appears remotely.

(3)     This rule applies to all civil cases subject to Code of Civil Procedure section 367.75.

(4)     Nothing in this rule limits a judicial officer from engaging in any other judicial functions, duties, or actions authorized by law to be performed in a location other than a courtroom.

(c)     Definitions

As used in this rule:

(1)     “Court facility” has the same meaning as that provided in Government Code section 70301(d).

(2)     The following terms have the same meaning as those provided in rule 3.672(c):

(A)   “Proceeding.”

(B)   “Remote proceeding.”

(C)   “Remote technology.”

(d)     Location of a judicial officer within a court facility

A judicial officer may preside remotely from a location within a court facility other than a courtroom only if doing so is in the interest of justice, the presiding judge approves, and either:

(1)     No parties are appearing in person at the proceeding; or

(2)     No courtrooms are available in the court facility.

(e)     Location of a judicial officer outside a court facility

A judicial officer may not preside remotely from a location outside a court facility unless doing so is in the interest of justice, the presiding judge approves, and

(1)     The judicial officer cannot safely access or preside from a court facility because of hazardous conditions, including those resulting from:

(A)   Natural disaster;

(B)   Severe weather;

(C)   Public emergency;

(D)   Facilities failure;

(E)     Security threats; or

(F)     Other extraordinary circumstances as determined by the presiding judge; or

(2)     Presiding remotely in a matter is essential to prevent a significant delay that would substantially prejudice the litigants.